A Design Space for Gaze Interaction on Head-mounted Displays

Teresa Hirzle, Jan Gugenheimer, Florian Geiselhart, Andreas Bulling, Enrico Rukzio

Proc. ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 1–12, 2019.

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We present the first design space for gaze interaction on HMDs. Our design space covers human depth perception and technical requirements in two dimensions (left) aiming to identify challenges and opportunities for interaction design. We demonstrate how our design space is used in practice by presenting two interactive applications: EyeHealth (top right) implements four eye health exercises that help to reduce eye strain and tension by training the eye muscles. X-Ray Vision (bottom right) enables users to reveal hidden virtual content behind a static physical object by focusing on a point behind the object.

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Abstract

Augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) has entered the mass market and, with it, will soon eye tracking as a core technology for next generation head-mounted displays (HMDs). In contrast to existing gaze interfaces, the 3D nature of AR and VR requires estimating a user’s gaze in 3D. While first applications, such as foveated rendering, hint at the compelling potential of combining HMDs and gaze, a systematic analysis is missing. To fill this gap, we present the first design space for gaze interaction on HMDs. Our design space covers human depth perception and technical requirements in two dimensions aiming to identify challenges and opportunities for interaction design. As such, our design space provides a comprehensive overview and serves as an important guideline for researchers and practitioners working on gaze interaction on HMDs. We further demonstrate how our design space is used in practice by presenting two interactive applications: EyeHealth and XRay-Vision.

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