EyeSeeIdentity: Exploring Natural Gaze Behaviour for Implicit User Identification during Photo Viewing

Yasmeen Abdrabou, Mariam Hassib, Shuqin Hu, Ken Pfeuffer, Mohamed Khamis, Andreas Bulling, Florian Alt

Proc. Symposium on Usable Security and Privacy (USEC), pp. 1–12, 2024.

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Abstract

Existing gaze-based methods for user identification either require special-purpose visual stimuli or artificial gaze behaviour. Here, we explore how users can be differentiated by analysing natural gaze behaviour while freely looking at images. Our approach is based on the observation that looking at different images, for example, a picture from your last holiday, induces stronger emotional responses that are reflected in gaze behavioor and, hence, is unique to the person having experienced that situation. We collected gaze data in a remote study (N = 39) where participants looked at three image categories: personal images, other people’s images, and random images from the Internet. We demonstrate the potential of identifying different people using machine learning with an accuracy of 85%. The results pave the way towards a new class of authentication methods solely based on natural human gaze behaviour.

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